The Effectiveness Of The Cleansing Of Soap and Detergent
| Condition | Soap | Detergent |
| Hard water (contain calcium & magnesium ion) | Form an insoluble precipitate = soap scum (formation of soap scum causes wastage of soap) | Detergent is effective cleaner. Form soluble substances = calcium or magnesium salts (do not form scum) |
| Soft water (do not contain calcium & magnesium ion) | Soap is effective cleaner. | Detergent is effective cleaner. |
| Acidic water (contain hydrogen ion) | Form insoluble long-chain fatty acids (reduces the amount of soap used for cleaning) | Detergent is effective cleaner. Form soluble substances (Do not form scum) |
| Environment | Soap is biodegradable | Soap is non-biodegradable |
Additives in Detergent n Its Functions
| Additives | Function | Example |
| Biological enzyme | Remove protein stains | Amylase, lipase & protease |
| Foam control agent | Control foaming in detergent | Silicones |
| Builder | Enhance the surfactant efficiency | Sodium phosphate |
| Filler | Make the solid detergent dry and enable the liquid detergent to be poured easily | Sodium silicate |
| Fragrance | Add fragrance | - |
| Optical brightener | Add brightness by convert UV radiation to blue light and whiteness | Fluorescent dye |
| Stabilising agent | Lower the production of foam | Silicones |
| Suspension agent | Prevent the dirt particles removed from redepositing onto cleaned fabrics | Sodium carboxymethylcellulose |
| Whitening agent | Bleach stains | Sodium hypochlorite |
No comments:
Post a Comment